Combating Antimicrobial Resistance (AMR)

Syllabus: GS2/Health

Why in news

Recently, the Global Steering Group on Antimicrobial Resistance published a report highlighting the urgent need for action to combat antimicrobial resistance (AMR).

AMR (Antimicrobial Resistance) is a growing global health threat.
It occurs when germs like bacteria, viruses, and fungi develop resistance to the drugs designed to kill them (antimicrobials like antibiotics, antifungals).
This makes infections harder to treat, increasing the risk of complications, death, and healthcare costs.

Misuse and overuse: Overusing antibiotics in humans (e.g., for viral infections) and animals (e.g., for growth promotion) promotes resistance.
Poor infection control: Practices like inadequate hand hygiene in hospitals can spread resistant germs.
Agricultural practices: Routine use of antibiotics in livestock farming contributes significantly to AMR.

AMR is already a leading cause of death globally, with millions of deaths annually, especially in low- and middle-income countries.
It threatens the effectiveness of modern medicine, making routine procedures like surgery risky.
AMR is projected to cause significant economic burden due to increased healthcare costs and lost productivity.

Prevention: Implementing proper hygiene, sanitation, and infection control measures are crucial.
Antibiotic Stewardship: Promoting responsible use of antimicrobials in human and animal healthcare is essential.
Surveillance: Establishing robust systems to track resistance patterns helps guide prevention strategies.
Research and Development: Investing in new diagnostics, antibiotics, and vaccines is critical.
Global Collaboration: A coordinated international effort is needed to address AMR effectively.

National Action Plan on AMR (NAP-AMR): This plan adopts a “One Health” approach, involving various sectors like human health, animal health, and agriculture.
AMR Surveillance and Research Network: Established by ICMR, it tracks resistance patterns in India.
Antibiotic Stewardship Program (AMSP): A pilot program to promote responsible antibiotic use in hospitals.

AMR is a complex problem requiring a multi-pronged approach. We need continued research and development alongside ensuring equitable access to existing and new solutions. Effective measures can save lives and money, making the fight against AMR a global priority.